S2 Physics Notes: Heat Transfer and Pressure

These teacher-prepared Senior 2 physics notes explain how heat moves by conduction, convection and radiation. They describe classroom experiments, such as comparing how well different rods conduct heat, showing convection currents with potassium permanganate, and testing how dull and shiny surfaces absorb heat. Everyday applications covered include domestic hot water systems, sea and land breezes, the vacuum flask, greenhouses and global warming. The notes then introduce pressure in solids and liquids, with worked calculations for maximum and minimum pressure. They also explain Pascal's principle and how it is used in hydraulic jacks, presses, brakes and lifts. Practice questions are included at the end.