S5 Physics Notes: Geometrical Optics and Lenses

These Senior 5 Physics Paper 2 notes from Trinity College Nabbingo introduce refraction through lenses. Prepared by Nicholas Busobozi, the material distinguishes converging and diverging lenses and illustrates their common shapes. It defines centres and radii of curvature, the principal axis, optical centre, principal focus, focal length, paraxial rays and focal plane. Rules for constructing ray diagrams explain the paths of principal rays through lenses. Exercises ask learners to draw diagrams and describe image characteristics for convex and concave lenses at different object positions. The document also distinguishes real and virtual principal foci.