Transport in Plants and Animals – S2 Biology Notes

This set of Senior 2 Biology notes explains why large multicellular organisms need transport systems, using surface area to volume ratio calculations. It describes the structure of the mammalian heart, the flow of blood through its chambers, the cardiac cycle, how the heartbeat starts and is controlled, and what affects heart rate and blood pressure. It compares arteries, veins and capillaries in structure and function. It also contrasts open and closed circulation and single and double circulation. The notes then cover the parts of blood, including red and white blood cells, and how each is adapted to its role. The later pages continue with transport in plants.